Human Digestion Sci/241 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 251 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Human Digestion SCI/241 Human Digestion The beginning of the digestive process starts with the smell and sight of food which activate the salivary glands. The mouth is the point at which food enters the digestive tract and continues the digestive process by chewing food. The food is then broken down into pieces and moistened by salivary glands which turn food into a bolus. The bolus goes down the pharynx into the esophagus which connects the pharynx to the stomach. The stomach is an organ that mixes food and secretes gastric juice. The bolus, once in the stomach, is mixed into a semiliquid mass called chime. The stomach is close together with the liver and pancreas but does not get assistance from these organs. The chime then enters the small intestine where the liver and pancreas also begin to work. The intestine is a tube-shaped organ that is part of the digestive tract where digestion of ingested food is completed and the majority of nutrient absorption occurs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Human Digestion Sci/241" essay for you Create order The small intestine is broken down into parts known as duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Additional secretions that aid in the digestive process come from the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The components of chime that are not absorbed into the small intestine moved into the large intestine through a sphincter. The large intestine includes both the colon and the rectum and is part of the gastrointestinal tract. Additional absorption of water, minerals and vitamins occur in the colon before being released from the body as waste.

Discrimination and Stereotyping of Japanese-Americans Essay

With the attacks on the United States by terrorists, many Americans have been experiencing feelings of fear, sadness and tremendous anger. Many of Middle-Eastern descent have been experiencing great prejudice and discrimination and are being stereotyped as terrorists. These types of feelings are very prevalent in American society today. Similarly, though not widely as discussed, Japanese-Americans have felt these feelings directed toward them for several generations. Going from the extreme of being herded to internment camps after the surprise attack of Pearl Harbor, to the more commonplace, being stereotyped in the entertainment industry and internet sites, prejudice, discrimination and stereotyping have been apart of the lives of†¦show more content†¦This can be seen as an act of discrimination because rather than taking individuals and trying them on espionage, the American government convicted an entire race, without trial and with evidence to the contrary. The treatment of the Japanese Americans who were sent to the internment camps was solely based on race and not on an individual’s personal actions (â€Å"Japanese Internment†). The prejudice of the American government is also apparent. Over 120,000 people were sent to internment camps without evidence against them. The very definition of prejudice according to dictionary.com is â€Å"an adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts† (â€Å"Prejudice†). The information gathered that led up this action was ignored, and the American government simply formed the opinion that the Japanese Americans along the West Coast would revolt and that the safety of the natural born United States citizens was more important then the liberties and the lives of more than 120,000 â€Å"foreigners.† This act will forever be remembered as one of the most discriminatory and prejudicial acts in modern American history. A country founded on the principle that every man is created equal and that liberty is something that someone should die for, found itself contradicting its own teachings, and unable to control its own paranoia and feelings of mistrust. War, fear andShow MoreRelatedStereotyping of Asian American Youth: The Effects on Performance in Academics846 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout American history, the United States has been a cauldron where different diversities mix and mingle. In this hot pot of diversity, all of the ingredients (ethnicities) will not always conform to one and other; this could possibly lead to discrimination. This paper will be primarily focus on the discrimination towards Asian American youth of the 21st century and how it affects their academics. The research question guiding this investigation is â€Å"To what extent does the stereotyping of AsianRead MorePositive And Negative Stereotypes Among Community College Students Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to define the positive and negative stereotypes among community college students. This paper presents a brief review of diverse social biases and comprehension of Asian student’s stereotypes and discrimination in community colleges. Stereotyping people makes you ignore their individuality, but on the other hand, it helps you to find people who most likely will match who you are. Many people don’t know the real meaning of the word â€Å"stereotype†. Stereotypes are alwaysRead MoreAmerican Culture Of People From Japan And Arab Countries910 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Essay In the United States many different nationalities and culture have come to reside by immigrating to this country. Although in the past being an immigrant in this country was often faced with hardship and discrimination the dream of a better and more promising future in America has always enticed people from places far and wide. Such has been the case with people from Japan and Arab countries. The differences in policies and treatment in the US varied, but their reasoning behind why theirRead MoreAnalysis Of Snow Falling On Cedars By Carol Geddes1719 Words   |  7 Pagesof belonging. But what happens if society is not welcoming? Feeling powerless, despair, and even alienated may follow, especially if there is a discrepancy between the people. Alienation can be narrowed down to the stereotyping of one s culture, isolating them due to the discrimination that is present amongst their society. In Guterson s novel Snow Falling on Cedars, Carol Geddes’ essay â€Å"Growing Up Nat ive,† and modern society, this poor treatment can result in a division between the ethnic groupsRead MoreDiscrimination On International Students Resulting From Ethnic Stereotypes969 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination on international Students resulting from ethnic stereotypes. The United States of America in the eyes of the world is a place full of dreams, full of hope and a place where civil liberties are being uphold. People of all different background, different social and financial status flock to America for various reason. Some people come to America to escape religious and political persecutions; some come to escape the horrors of war; some come to find a better life for their family; andRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Model Minority Stereotype1676 Words   |  7 Pages Despite or perhaps due to being a relatively small population, Asian Americans are not exempt from stereotyping. While a stereotype does not technically have positive or negative connotations and is simply a widely held generalization of a particular group of people, they are often derogatory and convey negative impressions and attitudes. Many minority groups are portrayed in a negative and demeaning light: African Americans are violent, lazy, and aggressive; Latinos are low-class work ers, oftenRead MoreChange, Acceptance And Embracing Differences946 Words   |  4 Pagesimmediately bonded over our shared experiences as exchange students. Kelli is a Japanese born in Hawaii and she is an exchange student from Colorado Mesa University. While interviewing her, I learned a lot about the Hawaiian culture and how Hawaiians perceived people from the mainland, as they called, and how she felt about being part of a minority group in Hawaii, but also in Colorado. Kelli defines herself as a female, an American from Hawaii, and a reserved person. 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McDonaldization of American Society and World Free Essays

string(21) " to the main course\." If you have ever had a meal in a restaurant (fast-food/formal dining), used an ATM in a bank, spent your vacation at an amusement park or simply browsed through a mall, you have been exposed to McDonaldization. McDonaldization is â€Å"the process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of America society as well as the rest of the world† (Ritzer, 1996, 1). Nearly ever aspect of today†s society has been affected by McDonaldization including the restaurant business, education, work, healthcare, travel, leisure, dieting, politics and the family (Ritzer, 1996, 1). We will write a custom essay sample on McDonaldization of American Society and World or any similar topic only for you Order Now I observed three East Side Mario†s Restaurant†s establishments while the dinner menu was being served on Saturday evenings between 6pm and 8pm to evaluate the ways in which McDonaldization has affected their company. On January 29th I visited East Side Mario†s in London, Ontario, on February 19th I visited East Side Mario†s in Plano, Texas (I used to hold a job as a server at this location) and on February 26th I visited East Side Mario†s in Orange, California. With the diversity of locations I was able to observe, I compared and contrasted many angles of the East Side Mario†s concept. East Side Mario†s Restaurants Inc. is one of the millions of business† that has implemented the four principles of McDonaldization, which are: efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. With the assistance of Bernard Platt, Vice President of Marie Callender†s Pie Shops, Inc. , former Vice President of East Side Mario†s Restaurant, Inc. , I will offer a condensed presentation of East Side Mario†s history to get you familiar with the business. East Side Mario†s Restaurants, Inc. , is a wholly owned division of Marie Callender†s Pie Shops, Inc. In 1987 a partnership of restauranteurs developed the ESM (for the remainder of this case study I will us the initial ESM to refer to East Side Mario†s Restaurants, Inc. ) concept in North Miami, Florida featuring the excitement and energy of a New York City street festival, a blend of outstanding American and Italian food, a place where families felt welcome and comfortable offering exceptional value. Today operating as a separate division of Marie Callender†s Pie Shops, Inc. , there are a total of 38 American restaurants – 11 corporate and 27 franchise – and there are over 80 ESM restaurants in The United States and Canada. Efficiency is the first dimension of McDonaldization and â€Å"the optimum method for getting from one point to another† (Ritzer, 1996, 9). The parking lot allows ample amount of parking space for customers, including handicapped spaces directly in front of the building for efficient accessibility. The restaurant offers delivery to those who would like to spend their dinner in the comfort and convenience of their own homes. There is a small server to customer ratio to provide the best service expected throughout a customer†s meal. A kid†s bambino menu is offered for children to enjoy less expensive meals that suit their size, along with a separate lunch menu that offers smaller portions for a lighter meal. Happy Hour items are offered at certain hours for a quick snack fix, providing just enough time to satisfy your thirst with a favorite drink. Customers can pay with cash or credit card, whichever is more convenient for them. To streamline the process of the kitchen work ESM simplified pasta dishes (their biggest items) to take only minutes to cook very large quantities. All employees have specialized jobs to divide the work load/streamline, including: host†s/hostess†, bartender†s, server†s, cook†s, dishwasher†s, salad bar attendant†s, cleaning staff, cocktailer†s and management. To simplify the product the menu is limited and specializes in American/Italian food. They offer easy, quickly made finger food appetizers and unlimited soup/salad and bread which is prepared in just seconds. ESM puts you, the customer, to work the minute you walk into the restaurant. Their may or may not be a host/hostess at the front. In the place of service staff you will definitely find a horn on a taxi stand so that a customer may call for service to the front immediately when they would like to be seated. Take-out boxes are available for the customer to take any leftovers home with them. However there is a catch, the box is merely dropped by the table and the customer is expected to put away their own leftovers. The employees and customers of ESM function efficiently together to produce a profit for the business and satisfy the customer. The second dimension of McDonaldization, calculability, is â€Å"an emphasis on the quantitative aspects of products sold (portion size, cost) and service offered (the time it takes to get the product)† (Ritzer, 1996, 9). Servers are paid $6. 85/hr in Canada and $2. 15/hr in The United States. The rest of their money comes from tips so if they expect to take home cash they will have to work to their greatest ability and place their wages in the hands of the customers. Management usually recruits minorities to work the back of the house because they will work hard for little pay. Emphasizing quantity over quality is an important aspect of calculability. With any entree unlimited homeloaf and soup or salad is offered. For the bar flies free peanuts are always out in buckets for all to enjoy. Specials and promotions occur seasonally, like 15-cent wings on Tuesdays. Bigger is seen as better and ESM has conformed to this idea, establishing this illusion with many of its menu items. Large plates are used to serve most meals and give the idea of large portions, with options of three different sides on dinner items. Customers expect quick and accurate service, which ESM has provided by reducing the processes of production to numbers. To promise quick service, the server will initially take a drink/appetizer order to ensure that you as a customer receive prompt service immediately. The bread is brought out before the meal to snack on and give just enough time for transition to the main course. You read "McDonaldization of American Society and World" in category "Essay examples" Customers do not like to sit in a restaurant without something in front of them. Each item on the menu has a preparation time, which is followed by the staff so customers can expect their food to be promptly served. ESM has successfully involved an emphasis on quantification. As the third dimension of McDonaldization, predictability, gives â€Å"the assurance that their [a company†s] products and services will be the same over time and in all locales† (Ritzer, 1996, 10). ESM has establishments across Canada and The United States and no matter where you go you can expect the same service and quality in each and every store. The logo is a familiar sign that represents a promise†¦. the same meal and experience you had at any other ESM. Every store that is built is a replicate of the previous one. The layout of each restaurant is similar, limiting the dining area to all non-smoking and only the bar area has smoking. The same colors are dominant in each store: red, green and white. The immediate feeling you will get when walking inside is that of a New York street with replica†s of the Brooklyn Bridge, Statue of Liberty, Scallero Bros. and Costello†s Markets (trademarks of ESM). Interaction between the employees and customers is scripted and predictable at each visit to the restaurant. The customer is seated, informed of specials, drink/appetizer orders are taken, bread, soup and salad are brought before the meal, entrees are served with the offering of cheese or pepper, a desert menu is presented, dishes are cleared from the table and the check is presented and paid for. ESM provides each of its employees with a handbook that outlines server etiquette. The employees are expected to have the mindset of â€Å"the customer is always right† which should convince the customer with the notion â€Å"I†ll be back†. Employee behavior is predictably the same. The staff wears the same casual uniform at each restaurant with a rountinized order of operations. You can always expect to have your server offer you fresh ground pepper or parmesan cheese. With respect to birthdays a desert of choice is presented with the East Side Mario†s famous birthday song. The menu remains the same, introducing new items on promotion once in a while, producing the same predictable products. People expect to have the garlic homeloaf with unlimited soup and salad. The routine, uniformity and systematization of operations in ESM prove that predictability has been achieved. The fourth dimension of McDonaldization is â€Å"increased control and the replacement of human with nonhuman technology† (Ritzer, 1996, 101). ESM has integrated all forms of technology to better their establishment. From the fountain pop dispenser to timed broilers and appliances, every process is controlled by some sort of automation. Under control is both the product and process of the business. The menu continually remains the same, limiting the items for customers to choose from. The Micros system is used to input orders which will be sent to the back of the house, organize each table†s order and have the food out and arranged according to the server†s timing. Server†s and bartender†s are expected to id all customers who look as though they are under the age of 30 for alcoholic beverages. In regards to controlling customers, the guest is expected to honk the horn to get the attention of employees to serve them. If there is a wait a pager is given out to customers to be buzzed at the soonest opportunity a table opens up. When the customer is through with a meal, the check is brought promptly to encourage them to leave and allow the next table to be sat. A tip percentage is required for parties of 8 or more to ensure that the time spent on larger parties will be well rewarded in wages. Nonhuman technologies that have been implemented into ESM operations control the nature of the business. The irrationality of rationality is recognized as the fifth dimension of McDonaldization. This is the downside of McDonaldization emphasizing the basic idea that â€Å"rational systems inevitably spawn irrational consequences†, â€Å"serve to deny human reason† and â€Å"are often unreasonable† (Ritzer, 1996, 13). In regards to efficiency people will go to ESM in search of a relaxing meal to find they have an hour-long wait, congested waiting space and loud noise. The efficiency of spending a family meal in a comfortable atmosphere now becomes inefficient. People are unable to sit right away, asked to wait with their families in a smoke filled bar and expected to just be patient while they anticipating the buzzing of their pager number. Employees who are expected to deal with the impatient customers get irritable which reflects on their work and the restaurant as a whole. When ESM business is slow and employees are unable to make tips there is no longer an incentive to put out quality work. The efficiency of paying minimum wage is lost when workers quit because they do not make enough for tips. The cost of a nice dinner for an average size family of 4 at ESM could cost well over $60. In the long run this could be the cost of 3 home cooked meals. The profit a restaurant business makes on pop and such is huge compared to the production price. A family could just as well spend dinner at home, talking/interacting with one another in a much more comfortable, quit, atmosphere. ESM offers the illusion of fun to attract customers and have them coming back. The setting gives the feeling of a New York City street with all of the downtown memorabilia. â€Å"A taste of little Italy† is used to let the prospective guest know that traditional Italian food will be served with popular Italian/American music filling the dining room. The National Television Network, NTN, offers an interactive trivia game to be played in the bar area. Entertainment is brought in on special occasions and the server†s call out loud to the kitchen to fill the atmosphere with a feeling of excitement. The unreality, or illusion of reality, which often goes unheard of in the restaurant business, still exists. The reality is that you aren†t going to see the service staff singing and dancing with customer as they do in the commercial, in fact you†ll be lucky if you can flag them down as they run by your table at top speed. The streets of New York City are not resembled accurately by the miniature landmarks located throughout the restaurant and it†s unlikely a true Italian (person with Italian heritage) will serve your meal. All of this is not reality. Dehumanization recognizes a system that is destructive to human beings. This dehumanization recognized in society is evident through health and environmental hazards, the dehumanization of customers and employers, a negative effect on human relationships and homogenization. The increased concern for the human diet is strongly affected by eating out and Italian food is extremely fattening. A dish known as fettuccine alfredo has been given the nickname â€Å"heart attack on a plate†. To adapt to these concerns ESM has began to offer low fat dressings and deserts. The vegetables have to be used in good time, as does much of the inventory so that contaminated/old food is not distributed. Dishes must be cleaned thoroughly so that germs do not transfer to other customers. ESM provides a fairly environmentally friendly establishment with reusable dishes. The biggest concern is over styrofoam take-out boxes. Customers follow through with the same routine every time they enter a restaurant. ESM encourages the employees to follow script but at the same time get comfortable and act interested in the customer. But that†s just it†¦ an act. Servers really are not interested in the lives of every stranger who steps foot in the building. Scripting brings employees and customers down to a primitive dehumanizing level of interaction. Turnover rates at ESM are not as high as those in the fast food industry however it is unlikely that the same person will ever serve you. There is little, impersonal contact between people. ESM offers benefits for staying with the company, employee incentives, and employee events to encourage longer lasting relationships with the company and fellow workers, thus increasing the likelihood of establishing a relationship with customers. ESM is a chain with franchises and individually owned stores. With its diversity of location it gives people the opportunity to recognize a familiar place and limiting the appeal to ever try anything new. Because ESM is the same no matter where you go you could virtually enter one restaurant and not know whether you were in Burlington, Ontario, Canada, or Phoenix, Arizona, USA. This is limiting the diversity of our world and proves that McDonaldization is homogenizing every aspect of society into one. All of these dehumanizing effects of McDonaldization apply to ESM and add to the irrationality that actually exists. â€Å"As McDonaldization comes to dominate ever more sectors of society, it will become ever less possible to ‘escape† from it† (Ritzer, 1996, 143). In other words McDonaldization imprisons people into an iron cage. Max Weber referred to it as the â€Å"iron cage of McDonaldization† implying that the systems of society will become so inhuman that the systems will eventually have control of everything. To make it in a McDonaldized society higher profits and lower costs will continue to be the goals of all businesses. The best ways to reach this goal is to conform to McDonaldization and strive for efficiency, calculability, predictability and control. ESM increases profit by taking each of these steps so that it can keep up with the competition. People have come to value the individual dimensions of McDonaldization and insist on relating to them even if they are not rewarded with economic gains. ESM has fallen into the trap and chosen locations on busy street corners surrounded by its competitors where a huge concentration of McDonaldization resides. The process of McDonaldization is so desirable that it is pursued as an end to itself (Ritzer, 1996, 145). Fordism is the ideals Henry Ford projected into society. Mass production of a single product, using a simple assembly line process, standardized routines, deskilling, and more demanding and expanding markets have arisen as the result of Fordism. ESM came out of the woodwork with the idea of bringing New York City†s Little Italy to any city. They became part of the restaurant market and had to adopt Fordism principles in order to reach high profitability with low costs. Post-Fordism arose later on and is characterized by more customized/specialized products, smaller systems for specialization, technologies that will produce a range of products, requiring more workers, which in turn leads to diversity once again. ESM has also incorporated post-Fordism characteristics. They use one computer system to run the security systems, kitchen appliances, run credit charges and place orders. They cater to each individual customer, giving them what they ask for. Finally, postmodernism, the idea that we are entering a more irrational and flexible era. The spread of different cultures throughout all of society is a product of postmodernism. ESM brought Little Italy to all kinds of cities. In fact, this American/Italian restaurant does not even exist in Italy. This society is superficial; people pass through McDonaldized systems without even being phased by them. No one walks into ESM and thinks; â€Å"wow this is a superficial McDonaldized system†. Every product and service has been presented before. ESM doesn†t have the original calamari al† diavolo sitting in a glass case to display. We now live in an n impersonal world. Even though employees approach customers with interest and a smile, they do not have a personal relationship with them. There no longer exists much emotion or expression in the postmodern society. We have to work hard at impressing people these days, having to always find something new and exciting to keep a customer hooked. Events of the past and present blur together. It is hard to distinguish between each visit to a restaurant, eventually all the visits blur together. Reproductive technologies have taken over. Computers and TV†s dominate industry and the lives of every individual. In the restaurant business if the computers were to crash†¦. there goes the payroll, power, cash registers; the entire operation is over in the blink of an eye. Just like nearly all institutions in our society ESM is trapped in an â€Å"iron cage of McDonaldization†. I believe McDonaldization has invaded every sector of society and as someone who grew up with McDonaldization at every corner of my life I would have to say it†s been productive. It has allowed society to evolve. Every aspect of life has consequences and downfalls; it†s just a matter of dealing with them. I like moving at a fast pace. Why do people have to make friends with every person they encounter? It†s nice to have companionship but not from your server in a restaurant. McDonaldization has served as a directing force, another stage in our history. We adapt to every turn the world makes and change is good. When all of the aspects of McDonaldization are intertwined society runs smoothly. East Side Mario†s was an example of a company that followed all the rules, aimed for a goal and made it. I believe that†s all that it should take in anything you do in life to make it, just follow the rules and reach for your goals. McDonaldization is a positive contribution to society. How to cite McDonaldization of American Society and World, Essay examples

Resort Events

Question: How to organize various promotional events in and outside of the resort? Answer: The resort needs sponsors to be able to organize various promotional events in and outside of the resort. The sponsors can be a part of a particular facility and aspect of the resort. Like the companies, dealing in equipment for hiking can sponsor hiking packages. Thus, they need to be approached through direct marketing. Pr activities will help to attract the attention of the sponsors too (Burns, 2014). As the project is inside the Egmont National Park, the government needs to be aware of the expansion project, and various licenses and clearances need to be extracted from the government. For that purpose, the government needs to be approached through direct marketing. Many proposals and presentation have to be submitted to the government departments. Under the government come three major divisions - Stratford District Council, Taranaki Regional Council, and Department of Conservation Taranaki (Pradhan Mohanty, 2014). Stratford District Council is a regulatory board that is responsi ble for the preservation and conservation of various factors of the environment. The council looks after the Water Services, Rubbish Recycling, Roads Transport, Rates Property Information, Planning Resource Consents, Parking Vehicles, Land Information Memorandum, Funding Grants, Environmental Health, Emergency Management, Community Development, Building Services, and Animals Stock. For the expansion of the resort, the permission from the Stratford District Council is very essential. The council participates in regulating and protecting the environment health and abides by the relevant legislations like Health Act 1956, Food Act 2014, Gambling Act 2003, Resources Management Act 1991, Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 and Local Government Act 2002 (Demeke, 2014). Planning and resources consent is important in the case of the resort as the expansion is going to take place and the council will undertake inspection is all the criterias are met in the expanded area. T he resort will submit the application form and have to give a presentation on the proposal. The council will assess the sustainability of the project and will keep monitoring the progression of the expansion. The council will grant the consent when it is sure that the plan is feasible and does not harm the environment in any way. The council will make sure that water supply activities are regulated and maintained. Water should be treated well before disposing of in the area. The reticulation system should be in working condition. The resort has to adopt all the measures for water treatment and reticulation system to protect and maintain the water supply in the area (Kim, Lim Brymer, 2015). The Taranaki Regional Council was established with the aim to manage the use, development, and protection of the natural and physical resources of Taranaki region. The council is responsible for the conservations and logical use of resources in the region. The resort authority has to seek permiss ion from the council to be able to expand the resort area. Department of Conservation Taranaki is focused on the conservation and education of the organisations regarding the businesses in the region. The resort needs to seek permission for the expansion of the property. The resort also plans to expand the range of activities provided by the resort. The internal stakeholders are the employees of the resort and for them, direct communication and emails are the best-suited communication mode. The employees need to be briefed as well about the expansion plan. This will help to increase the coordination among the employees and the employer and will increase the output of the resort (Gascn, et al., 2016). Hiring an Advertising Agency Hiring an advertising agency will help the resort to create an appropriate an advertising campaign. It will also be taken care of the public relations as well. The agency will create the communication in alignment with plans of the resort. While hiring an ad agency, the authorities should note that the ad agency is experienced and has handle projects like this (Yeshin, 2012). However, for the promotion of the resort, only four techniques: AdvertisementAdvertisements will be designed with the focus on the expansion of the resort. The highlight should be the new and refreshed look of the resort and various amenities that are going to be introduced in the resort. The focal point of the advertisement campaign will reflect the pristine natural beauty of Egmont national park. The advertisement will highlight the outdoor activities that the resort will provide (Jayawardena, et al., 2013). The ads will be focusing on the beauty of the location of the resort. Three set of ads that will focus on the following three aspects of the resort facilities: Scenic beauty Spa facility and other amenities Outdoor activities like tramping, hiking and walkingThe advertisements will be placed in the television, newspaper, magazines, and billboards. These advertisements will start appearing in the local newspaper and television channels in the first year and from the second the periphery for the campaign will be broadened. By the end of the five years, the aim is to make the name of the resort as a synonym to Egmont National Park or Mount Taranaki. The resort should also be the second for luxury, peace of mind and adventure. Public relation Public relation is practiced to increase the goodwill of a company. Here the PR activities will take place to able to communicate the expansion plan of the resort and that more guests should pour in, as after the expansion is completely executed the resort will be able to accommodate more guests at a time. The PR will increase the reliability of the resort and the facilities provided by the company. The PR activities will include the sponsored programs conducted in other major cities like Auckland, Wellington and others. Travel magazines and television shows will be approached to come to the resort and write stories and shows about the resort. The PR personals will help the resort become a popular name whenever any tourist or any other stakeholder thing of Mount Taranaki. This will help the tourist to notice the expansion plan and attract them towards the resort (Gershon, et al., 2013). Sponsors will be contacted to organize events in the resort premise. Companies like Active Adventu res and Flying Kiwi will be contacted to organize a hiking event, which will be covered by media. Companies like Macpac NZ and Gearshop can also join the event by sponsoring the gears and equipment for the event. This event will help to boost the name of the resort. The resort will organize a food festival event, where the specialty cuisine of New Zealand and particularly of the Taranaki region will be highlighted. Again, the sponsors can be companies, which provide kitchen equipment, cutlery, or raw material supplying company. Raw material supplying company like oil or sauce manufacturing companies can join the event. Direct marketing The investors, suppliers, sponsors and the government will be handled through direct marketing. This will help the resort to approaching the concerned organization and government directly. This helps in increasing the credibility and helps in avoiding miscommunication and misunderstanding between the two concerned parties. The concerned parties will be directly approached through emails and letters (AlBattat, Som, 2013). The resort needs direct communication with various governmental departments like Stratford District Council, Taranaki Regional Council, and Department of Conservation Taranaki. The resort needs to seek for permissions and licenses for the expansion and changes in the infrastructure. The resort needs directly to contact the officials in these councils and departments to present their proposal. The proposals should encapsulate the good measures adopted by the resort and its eco-friendly nature. Corporate social responsibilityCSR is another practice that every organization tends adopt nowadays. CSR practice helps the organization to bring along the good qualities of the organization. The resort will engage in clean and green movement and highlight the great work they are doing in the conservation of the Egmont National Park. They will highlight the fact that even if the resort I in the midst of the national park it does not harm the natural beauty. Rather the resort indulges in all the good practices that will help the conservation of the national park (Cech, Beranek Tomastik, 2015). Moreover, the resort can highlight that their use of recycled products they have implemented in their daily operations. The resort uses recycled papers and banned plastic products in the resort. The resort has implemented all the water treatment plants to purify the water before disposing of in the environment. They use organic products inside the resort area. These facts should be highlighted in the PR campaign to boost the image of the resort am ong the tourists. The campaign should focus on the fact that the resort provides its guest to experience a completely natural and organic environment to relax their senses. Developing an effective communication plan Identifying target audienceFirst, the resort needs to identify its target audience. The demographic considerations are secondary in case of the resort. As the resort is situated in the heart of Egmont national park and offers luxurious stay in the midst of the natural beauty, the resort should focus on the upper middle-class people. The resort is already popular among the tourist due to its location and Swiss style interior dcor. The target audience thus should be the nature enthusiast. Tourists who are interested in outdoor activities like hiking, tramping, etc. are more likely to be a target. Adventures are abundant in New Zealand, and Taranaki is a favorite destination for hikers and tramping enthusiasts. The Taranaki track is one of the most beautiful and popular tracks in New Zealand. This is a great and picturesque place for photographers. They will be able to capture the dynamic and ever-changing moods to the forest and the pristine e nvironment (Teng, et al., 2013). Determining the communication objectives The objective of the communication plan is to create the awareness about the expansion of the resort. The communication plan will focus on highlighting the new additions features offered by the resort and the luxurious amenities offered by the resort. The plan should also highlight the outdoor activities and packages related to the activities. The plan has to focus on the fact that the resort offers a world-class experience for the guest in the midst of the Egmont National Park. The resort will allow its guest to explore, experiment, and get the feel of the untouched natural beauty of the region. The resort is an ideal place of adventure lovers and nature lovers. They will be able to engage in various activities like hiking, tramping and walking around the national park (Barreda, Bilgihan, 2013). Designing a message The message will be designed in such a fashion that the audience will be able to recognize D awson Falls Mountain Lodge. The message should reflect the location and the unique feature of the resort. Thus, the direct message would be the abode of wild beauty. This message is direct and precise. It directly presents the location and reflects that the guests will be able to enjoy and relax during their stay. The message strikes the imagination of the nature lovers, photographers, and casual tourists at the same time. The message indicates the untouched beauty of the natural abundant New Zealand that to not far away from the amenities provided by the concrete jungle with the country (Roth, 2014). Choosing mediaThe communication plan will incorporate the use of every media that is available for advertisement. Travel related journals, magazines and all the leading national newspapers would cover the resort. New media would be largely used for the advertisements. Travel, tourism, and hospitality related websites would be carrying the ads. Guests would get to know about the activities and the special offers of the resort will while casually surfing the internet. New media can be used to create events online and engaging people in a contest that will promote the plans of the resort and the world-class facilities that the resort offers (Zhong, Yang Zhang, 2014). Television advertisements are essential and play and great impact on the audience. The audience could visually realize "The abode of the wild beauty". This will compel the tourist to come and experience the facilities and nature at the same time. Television channel shows will be an approach to conducting shows on the reso rt to boost the credibility of the resort. Collecting feedbackOnce the campaign is ready, the agency would run a demo campaign. This will help to gauge the impact of the campaign by surveying a small population of a region. The feedback will be collected through a survey. This feedback will indicate the impact on the audience. If the impact is as estimated, then the campaign will be run on a full scale. Otherwise, necessary changes will be applied, or the campaign might be revised completely (Lupu, et al., 2013). Moreover, the resort and the agency will know when and what to do. This will keep them organised and control their budget. A communication plan will help the agency and the organization to keep a track of the progress that takes place in the due course of 5 years. It will serve as the roadmap for your project. It would bring clarity to your project and the tactics that are required to be taken. It will help identify the hurdle and take necessary measures to deal with the hurdles.A communication plan helps in comprehending the manner that is going to be adopted by various stakeholders. It will help the organization to clarify the exact plan and the roles the various stakeholders will play during the expansion of the resort. A well-articulated communication plan will help the stakeholders to understand that they value for the organisation and that the organisation has given the space to the stakeholders to give their inputs. This will help you gauge the success of your project identifi es the areas that need more focus. Monitoring and evaluation of communication campaign The communication campaigns would be minutely monitored by the agency and resort authorities would supervise that the execution of the campaign is done as the plan or not. Monitoring means to check, observe or track changes. The supervision will look into all the aspects of the communication plan. Further, the evaluation process will help the resort to understand that the impact of the communication plan. Evaluation will help understand the significance, importance, and value of the complete communication plan and the consequent campaigns. Monitor and evaluation will help gather feedback that allows better comprehension of the current market situation and formulates a better communication plan or adopts other tactics in the next phase of the communication plan. Monitoring will help the people who are responsible for the particular tasks and help them quick decisions for the operations of the communication plan. It will help increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the communicati on plan and use of resources. This will help make changes, improve the current program, and maximise the impact of the project. Building in-house communication channel for employees An in-house communication channel has to be implemented for the employees. The system should be developed in such a fashion that the employees will be able to communicate with other properly, and every significant exchange of conversations should be recorded. These will include the hr department to be able to identify the glitches and problem that disrupts the operations of the employees. The employees will be able to report any hurdles in the daily functioning of the resort. A good communication channel will help the organisation to coordinate properly a without any hassle. The communication plan should incorporate direct communication. Direct communication will help avoid any kind misunderstanding and miscommunication. Conclusion This communication plan is a roadmap for The Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge for the next five years. This plan will help the resort to build a brand name for itself and make the every stakeholder aware of the expansion of the resort. The communication plan is intended to create awareness about the resort on a national scale. The plan will make sure that the agency or the organisation does not digress from the aim of the plan. The plan will help the organisation monitor and evaluate the impact that the campaign is creating on the overall business and its contribution to the brand value of the organisation. After the five years, the organisation will need to create another plan for the future. Until then this plan will guide the organisation. The Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge has to follow the plan rigorously to see the required results. All the tactics and techniques used in the communication plan are an integral part of the communication plan. Without the help of these tactics, a communi cation plan is incomplete. However, the plan should be flexible. The communication plan might need an impromptu decision based on the circumstances. The communication plan should accommodate the unplanned hurdles or else it will be tough for the organisation to cope with the ever change dynamics of the business world. Reference List AlBattat, A. R., Som, A. P. M. (2013). Emergency preparedness for disasters and crises in the hotel industry. SAGE Open, 3(3), 2158244013505604.Almeida, N. M., Silva, J. A., Mendes, J., Oom do Valle, P. (2012). The effects of marketing communication on the tourist's hotel reservation process. Anatolia, 23(2), 234-250.ASSEMBLY, A. S. D. (2014). MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2014-2017. development, 2017.Barreda, A., Bilgihan, A. (2013). An analysis of user-generated content for hotel experiences. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 4(3), 263-280.Becken, S., Hughey, K. F. (2013). Linking tourism into emergency management structures to enhance disaster risk reduction. Tourism Management, 36, 77-85.Benavides-Velasco, C. A., Quintana-Garca, C., Marchante-Lara, M. (2014). Total quality management, corporate social responsibility and performance in the hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 41, 77-87.Buhalis, D., Mamalakis, E. (2015). Social media re turn on investment and performance evaluation in the hotel industry context. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015 (pp. 241-253). Springer International Publishing.Burns, P. (2014). New Venture Creation: A Framework for Entrepreneurial Start-Ups. Palgrave Macmillan.Cech, P., Beranek, M., Tomastik, M. (2015). Managerial Competencies in Hotel Industry.Chung, W., Patwa, P. (2013). U.S. Patent No. 8,583,483. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.Demeke, W. (2014). Small and Micro Business Enterprises (SMBEs) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: development and poverty reduction through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), with particular reference to the hotel industry and associated businesses (Doctoral dissertation, The University of West London).FitzPatrick, L., Valskov, K. (2014). Internal Communications: A manual for practitioners. Kogan Page Publishers.Florea, N. V., GLMEANU, R. (2016). Leadership Communication-An Efficient Way To Motivate Human Capital. Management and Marketing Journal, 14(1), 101-117.Furney, D., Hodack, B., Crandell, T., Shell, M. (2012). U.S. Patent No. 8,341,047. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.Gascn, J. F. F., Puiggrs, E., Muoz, M., Bernal, P. M., Berbel, G., Gutirrez, ., ... Rodrguez, J. R. (2016). Use of social networks for hotel reservations in young people: empirical analysis. International Journal of Scientific Management and Tourism, 2(1), 55-61.Gershon, R. R., Kraus, L. E., Raveis, V. H., Sherman, M. F., Kailes, J. I. (2013). Emergency preparedness in a sample of persons with disabilities.American journal of disaster medicine, 8(1), 35-47.Guterman, Y. (2015). Customer satisfaction evaluation and recommendations for a marketing communication. Case: Business-Hotel Karelia.Jayawardena, C., McMillan, D., Pantin, D., Taller, M., Willie, P. (2013). Trends in the international hotel industry. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 5(2), 151-163.Johnson, D. W., Hayes, B., Gray, N. A., Hawley, C., Hole, J., Mantha, M. (2013). Renal services disaster planning: lessons learnt from the 2011 Queensland floods and North Queensland cyclone experiences. Nephrology,18(1), 41-46.Johnson, K. (2013). U.S. Patent Application No. 13/772,186.Kim, W. G., Lim, H., Brymer, R. A. (2015). The effectiveness of managing social media on hotel performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 44, 165-171.Kwok, L., Yu, B. (2013). Spreading social media messages on facebook an analysis of restaurant business-to-consumer communications. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(1), 84-94.Lupu, N., Tanase, M. O., Tontoroiu, R. A. (2013). A straightforward x-ray on applying The Ecolabel to the hotel business area. Amfiteatru Economic,15, 634.MihaliÄ , T., PraniÄ eviĆ¡, D. G., ArneriĆ¡, J. (2015). The changing role of ICT competitiveness: the case of the Slovenian hotel sector. Economic Research-Ekonomska IstraÃ…Â ¾ivanja, 28(1), 367 -383.Pradhan, R., Mohanty, P. P. (2014). AN ANALYSIS OF ICT APPLICATION IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY WITH A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ODISHA.International Journal of Information Technology Computer Sciences Perspectives, 3(3), 1082.Roth, S. (2014). The things that go without saying: on performative differences between business value communication and communication on business values. International Journal of Business Performance Management, 15(3), 175-191.Sharp, R. D., Bhagwan, V. (2014). U.S. Patent Application No. 14/588,366.Teng, Y. M., Wu, K. S., Liu, H. H. (2013). Integrating altruism and the theory of planned behavior to predict patronage intention of a green hotel.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 1096348012471383.Vigolo, V., Bonfanti, A. (2016). Exploring the Importance of Basic Hotel Attributes: A Focus on Senior Wellness Tourists. In Rediscovering the Essentiality of Marketing (pp. 969-981). Springer International Publishing.Yeshin, T. (2012). Integrated marketing communi cations. Routledge.Young, A. (2014). Brand media strategy: Integrated communications planning in the digital era. Springer.Zhao, D., Ye, Q., Zhu, K. (2016). The Influence of Consumers' Information Search Behavior on Purchase Decisions for Experience Goods: Empirical Evidence from Hotel Industry.Zhong, Z., Yang, Y., Zhang, M. (2014). Role of online reviews in hotel reservations intention based on social media. Journal of Applied Sciences,14(4), 341.

Popular Student Neil Perry free essay sample

Popular Student: Neil Perry BY Drassp7878 Neil Perry Neil is the confident and popular student, and is well liked by his friend as well as the teachers at the boys-school. He is a person who cares about his friends, especially Todd, his new roommate. He is portrayed, in the film, as a boy with brown hair, fairly good-looking and tall. In the beginning Neil is inspired by the new English teacher Mr. Keating, who is passionate and interesting, with his ways of teaching and speaking to his students. Mr. Keating teaches his students to think out of the box and to seize the day. Neil is greatly influenced by this and takes it to the/his heart. Neil is curious about who Mr. Keating was when he attended the school when he was younger. And that leads to the boys discovering Dead Poets Society. Neil is the first one to make a move, and re-establish the Dead Poets Society and be the leader of the group of boys. We will write a custom essay sample on Popular Student: Neil Perry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This shows that Neil is ready to challenge the schools authority and his parents. Neil is a really good friend with a sense of humour. He is the one making the boys go through the day, Joyous and with their heads held high. In the scene where Neil tries to cheer Todd up on his birthday and make the comment mfou can feel it. This desk set wants to fly! shows how much he cares about his friends even though Todd may not feel like he has any friends. On/At the first meeting of the new re-established Dead Poets Society Neil reads out loud from the book, given to him from Mr. Keating. l went to the woods because I wanted to live deliberately. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life. To put to rout all that was not life, and not when I had ome to die, discover that I had not lived Walden Come, my friends, T is not too late to seek a newer world. For my purpose holds To sail beyond the sunset, and though We are not now that strength which in old days Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are; One equal temper of heroic hearts, Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. Ulysses It was a dark and rainy night. And this old lady who had a passion for Jigsaw puzzles sat by herself in her house at her table to complete a new Jigsaw puzzle. As she pieced the puzzle together, she realized to her astonishment that the image that was formed was her very own room, and the figure in the centre of the puzzle, as she completed it, was herself. And with trembling hands she placed the last four pieces and stared in horror at the face of the demented madman at the window. The last thing that this old lady ever heard was the sound of breaking glass ? The only time Neil considered/consideres suicide was/is after the major confrontation with his father. Normally there are some signs when a person is onsidering suicide, but in this case, the warning signs never showed until the last moment. Mr. Perry is old fashioned and has a difficult time expressing his affections to his son. Neil never really understood that his father Just wanted the best for him, and only saw his father as a tyrant, someone who would always go against what he wanted. Indholdet er s ¦rdeles GODT. Mange relevante eksempler og gode (psykologiske) overveJelser . Du er grundig og nÃ' r helt i dybden. FLOT! Kun fÃ'  fell. Bem ¦rk dit problem med at holde linien mht. TID. Karakter: 12 Youve done it again, girl !!! Analytisk pr ¦sens) predicts his future in the film. The puzzle from the poem symbolizes life, the madman by the window passion, and the death of the old woman iswoman is caused by letting her passion overcome her. In the end Neil realizes that he had/has his own life and he was/is the centre of it. Since his father had/has control over him and Neil was/is too afraid to stand up for himself, Neil lets the passion in himself in a last attempt to control his own life. And throughout the film he continues to put the last pieces in his puzzle together. In the end Neil lies to Mr. Keating about having permission from his father to still be in the play, and does not take up the discussion with his father again, but goes against his wishes and continues to be a part of the play. I have a theory that the last monologue from Puck in the play, where his father has arrived, was/is directed to Mr. Perry as an apology and a plea for forgiveness. Neil can only express himself to his father through his acting and passion for it. If we shadows have offended, Think but this, and all is mended, that you have but slumberd here while these visions did appear. And this weak and idle theme, No more yielding but a dream, Gentles, do not reprehend; if you pardon, we will mend; And, as I am an honest Puck If we have unearned luck Now to scape the serpents tongue We will make amends ere long; So, goodnight unto you all. Give me your hands, if we be friends, and Robin shall restore amends. Finally Neil found/finds the last piece to his puzzle and his only option is to take his own life, to gain control over it. As Mr. Perry says so many times throughout the film thatÃ'› he has sacrificedes a lot for Neil, he indicates that he loves Neil very much but annot express it in exact words to his son, and I get the impression that Neil is Mr. Perrys dream. So when Neils father wakes up after hearing the gun shot, the dream has disappeared Mr. Perrys relationship with his son is Just a lot of misunderstanding between them. Mr. Perry loves Neil and Neil loves his dad even though he was/is controlling Neils life. Neil Just wanted/wants to find out who he was/is and what he wanted/wants to do, but he was/is unable to discuss his opinions with his father and Mr. Perry was/is unwilling to look at Neils outlook on life. Therefore Neil concluded/concludes that

The Secret Garden close reading Essays

The Secret Garden close reading Essays The Secret Garden close reading Paper The Secret Garden close reading Paper 1 She chirped, and talked, and coaxed and he hopped, and 2 Flirted his tail and twittered. It was as if he were talking. His red 3 Wasitcoat was like satin and he puffed his tiny breast out and 4 Was so fine and so grand and so pretty that it was really as if he 5 Were showing her how important and like a human person a 6 Robin could be. Mistress Mary forgot that she had ever been 7 contrary in her life when he allowed her to draw closer and 8 closer to him, and bend down and talk and try to make some 9 thing like robin sounds. 10 Oh! To think that he should actually let her come as near to 11 him as that! He knew nothing in the world would make her 12 put out her hand toward him or startle him in the least tiniest 13 way. He knew it because he was a real person-only nicer than 14 any other person in the world. She was so happy that she 1 5 scarcely dared to breathe. 16 The flower-bed was not quite bare. It was bare of flowers because 17 Perennial plants had been cut down for their winter 18 Rest, but there were tall shrubs and low ones which grew together 19 At the back f the bed, and as the robin hopped about 20 Under them she saw him hop over a small pile of freshly turned 21 Up earth. He stopped on it to look for a worm. The earth had 22 Been turned up because a dog had been trying to dig up a mole 23 And he had scratched quite a deep hole. Lines 1-2: Burnett creates a happy and busy moment in these two lines by using six OITTerent veros. Mary cnlrpea, ana talked, ana coaxed wnlle tne roDln noppea ana flirted and twittered. This passage has a poetic and lighthearted sound to it, which s exactly how Mary is feeling at the moment. Burnett then describes the robins actions to be as though he were talking. Mary is eager to make friends and have conversations, so it makes sense that the robin is personified. Lines 3-5: This personification is developed further when Burnett describes the robins feathers to be a waistcoat like satin which gives the reader a visual image of a tuxedo that a man would wear. Burnett continues to use repetition, but this time using adjectives when she writes so fine and so grand and so pretty. This literary echnique tells the reader how excited Mary is about the bird. After giving vague personifications of the robin, Burnett finally explicitly says that it is as though the robin was showing her how like a human person it could be. Lines 6-9: This is one of the first times we see Mary become a new girl, one that is not contrary and is excited and intrigued by something. Burnett creates a separation of her nickname, taking off the quite contrary that typically follows Mistress Mary. Mary is not used to anyone being interested in her and the fact that the robin allows er to bend down and talk and try to make something like robin sounds, she is completely beside herself. Lines 10-12: Burnett uses the exclamation, Oh! to communicate Just how rare of a moment this is for Mary. By writing, To think, she insinuates that Mary had never experienced or expected to experience this kind of acceptance from anyone, not even a bird. Burnett begins to write in the point of view of the robin when she says, He knew nothing in the world would make her put out her hand This allows the eader to be able to see the bird as a human, Just like Mary does. Lines 13-15: Burnett goes on to qualify the robin as completely human. She writes, he was a real person-only nicer than any other person in the world. We as readers know that there are many other people in the world who are that nice, and much nicer. But Mary has not met many people who are kind to her, and this is proof. Mary is so happy that she scarcely dared to breathe. This statement is a great descriptor of the situation because her happiness is so extreme that it has affected er physically. Lines 16-20: Burnett transitions the scene to the flower-bed where a key scene occurs- this is where Mary finds the key to the secret garden. Burnett describes the garden as currently bare for the most part because of winter, which is foreshadowing the spring to come and new growth to occur (in the garden as well as in Mary). The robin stops on a pile of freshly turned up earth, thus leading Mary to notice that a dog had scratched quite a deep hole. Befriending the robin not only gave Mary a companion, but it also led her to the key.

THE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY (STS) MUSEUM Essay

THE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY (STS) MUSEUM - Essay Example The scientists argue that the adoption and use of the developed equipment might lead to the eruption of other challenges as some groups of people might go against the processes. A visit to the museum and the observation of the various archived equipment therein acquaints visitors with information about the shortcomings that would befall the human society if such things were non-existing. The observations drawn from the research undertaken at the museum’s images implies the possibility of developing alternative services that would enhance the social standards of living. For example, studies depict that the use of wind turbines can serve towards the production of renewable energy whose demand and use would lead to the implementation of environmentally friendly energy production practices. In that context, the science and technology approach chosen after viewing the discoveries presented in the museum acquaints the research process with chances of success since an alternative evaluation acknowledges the incorporation of the Tornado Chaser to the power turbines as capable of producing energy. The scholars concerned with developing the equipment acknowled ge that the development of over 100,000 structures in the vulnerable locations can lead to the implementation of a long lasting solution to the threats borne from the tornados. According to the class discussions, science and technology aspects influence the society from various dimensions with the majority factors being positive towards the achievement of better living standards. The argument that science and technology approaches are alarming to sustainability rest inconsistent since different countries across the globe perceive different scientifically developed approaches as remedies to the challenges. For instance, China uses rockets that are capable of dispersing dangerous clouds from causing harm to the human population. Another aspect of

English 101 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

English 101 - Essay Example This would mean that certain changes to the social processes associated with college life might need to be changed. For example, the same methods which are used to recruit young adults or adolescents coming out of high school may not be good enough for targeting more mature individuals. Colleges might have to change their approach in how they offer their classes and what services they provide on campus to their students (Back2College.com, 2007). Additionally, those who come to college with a few decades of real world experience with them may have quite a different opinion of how things operate in the real world as compared to those who have remained in college for most of their lives. For any given college, such a student can have a useful impact on class discussions and the resulting knowledge gained for other students in the same class. At the same time, there would a great impact on the workers who choose to go back to college since it is quite an adjustment going from a regular nine to five job to the college environment where class schedules and deadlines determine working hours rather than scheduled project plans (Back2College.com, 2007). Such workers may need time to adapt to the environment and would need help from the college itself. Some colleges have established specific offices to help adult learners but a lot more remains to be done in this respect since the growth in numbers of older college students shows a rising trend. Perhaps the most significant impact of the social change would be on the recruiting companies that use colleges as their hunting grounds for new members of the company. While these companies have traditionally used colleges to seek out entry level employees from the bachelor’s level programs and mid management from the master’s programs, they could now seek out employees to come into senior management positions right out of college simply because these employees have the experience, the maturity as well as the latest

Independent, Mediating, Moderating and Dependent Variables Coursework

Independent, Mediating, Moderating and Dependent Variables - Coursework Example For instance, intervening variables explicate the statistical association between longevity needs and income because having money does not necessarily make someone live longer. However, the relationship between income and longevity needs might hold considering that people with higher income tend to have better medical care. A typical example of the intervening variable is the medical care. It basically mediates or intervenes the relation between longevity and income (Springer, 2014). All the correlations between predictor and mediator variables, mediator and criterion variables, as well as predictor and criterion variables are significant for the general test for mediation. For instance, parents typically transmit their social statuses directly to their children. In the same way, they effectively transmit those statuses to their children through education. Parent’s status âž› child’s education âž› child’s status. A mediating variable is vital for statistical analyses and research designs that aim to investigate how tobacco prevention programs impact or accomplish their effects on the use of tobacco. The theoretical approach to program evaluation and development mainly focuses on the action theory (Amine et al. 2012). In particular, the action theory explains how the tobacco prevention program would affect intervening variables. Similarly, a conceptual approach seeks to explicate how mediator variables are related to smoking. Tobacco prevention programs would ultimately obtain information on the intervening mechanisms; information would be very useful to the development of adequate programs (Amine et al. 2012). The information would further provide a valuable test of the theoretical or hypothetical basis of tobacco prevention efforts. Amine, Chakor, and Alaoui (2012) investigate the influence of mediating variables on the theoretical analysis of ethics, relationship marketing, and corporate performance.  

Miscarriages of justice helped to change investigating

Miscarriages of justice helped to change investigating Investigative interviewing is of paramount importance in every legal system in the world. The development of Investigative interviewing has led to the hope that positive reaction would be received from witnesses and reliability of evidence would be achieved. However, various cases of miscarriages of justice has occurred causing lack of confidence in the criminal justice system. The purpose of this study is to learn more about how cases of miscarriages of justice have helped to change investigative interviewing practices for the better. It is hoped that information from this study may be useful in identifying the improvements in investigative interviewing as a result of cases of miscarriages of justice. One area of policing that involves considerable face-to-face interaction with members of the public and where expectations of both police and public are likely to be influential and where relations of trust and confidence are vital is when police officers interview witnesses of crime (Roberts, 2010). In the past, police officers lacked confidence in themselves and their abilities, and they constantly assumed that every suspect was guilty therefore failing to extract accurate and reliable evidence, had poor interviewing skills and where unprofessional in the approach in which they carried out their interviews.  In any police inquiry, police officers may be interested in only a proportion of the information that a witness can provide (Robert, 2010).They resorted to violence and verballing during interviews and this resulted in false confessions from suspects. In the past, investigators in both the public sector and the police saw interviews as a means of gaining a confession, rather than gathering accurate information and a full account (Shawyer and Walsh, 2007). Confessions could vary from voluntary confession where there is no existence of external factors, coerced compliant confession such as aggressive questioning and coerced internalized confession where the interviewee beliefs he committed the crime due to pressure and stress put on them during the interviewing process. Vulnerable suspects such as children and people with physical or mental challenges are prone to coerced internalized confession thereby resulting to miscarriages of justice. Miscarriage of justice arose as a result of police malpractice and incompetence, inadequate prosecution processes, problematic trial practices and failure of authorities to protect citizens from known dangers (Adler and Gray, 2010). Fishers inquiry 1977 showed wrongly convictions of three youths who confessed to the murder of Maxwell Confait. His report highlighted that two of the youth were vulnerable suspects and that there were tendencies for the confessions to be achieved by violence, hectoring or bullying. There was no evidence to show that the replies of these suspects were said freely and accurately recorded. Fisher recommended that a Royal commission examine the law and procedure relating to the prosecution of offenders and thus creating a better framework regulating custodial questioning of suspects by the police. The Royal commission on criminal procedure commissioned a series of research studies including one that examined the police role in the investigation of offences (Adler and Gray, 2010). The Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure believed it was essential that the public have confidence in the method of investigation by the police in order to enhance co-operation. In 1975 the Guildford Four were jailed for life for bombing pubs in Guildford. The case was abolished after the four men had spent 15 years in jail. The case against them was found to be flawed and the credibility of the notes of interview was undermined as being not written up immediately. In 1974, The Birmingham Six were also convicted IRA bombers accused of killing 21 people and injuring more than 160. They spent 16 years in jail before being released in 1991 after the forensic evidence which had formed much of the basis for the case was found to be questionable. Further the Maguire Seven (1976) including six members of the same family were imprisoned for handling explosives. The scientific evidence which formed the basis of the case was later discredited and the case overturned in 1991(Green, 2009). All these miscarriages of justice emphasized the flaws in the criminal justice system. This brought about the introduction of Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE), 1984. The act pr ovided a Code of Practice which covered various areas such as detention, treatment and questioning by police and tape recording of interviews. The code of practice gave detainees the right to notify someone of their arrest, access to a free legal advice, no change to the rights to remain silent. It also emphasized the improvement in the area of note taking and tape recording, the presence of an appropriate adult when a vulnerable suspect is interviewed, the treatment of the suspect in custody and regulations on which the interview would be based on. It set out the right balance between the power of the police and the freedom and rights of the public. The secrecy of police stations was challenged: officers became used to seeing solicitors, social workers, family members and researchers in custody areas (Dixon, 2010).The purpose was to introduce the use of tape recording during interviews and eradicate the use of violence and verballing to get a confession. However, adequate training was lacked in the use of tape recording by police officers therefore creating grounds for them to continue interviewing without tape recorders hence interrogation took place in an environment which increases the vulnerability of the suspects and maximizes the authority and control of the police (Green, 2009). The court became aware of officers lack of compliance to PACE and increased pressure in order to ensure compliance by making the investigators listen and review their performance. The use of such inappropriate tactics, however, was found to decrease after the introduction of PACE (Irving and Mckenzie, 1989). However, police interviewing was still poor even after the PACE was introduced and this was due to inadequate training in interviewing. Police officers have the mentality that interviewing skills cannot be acquired in class but in practice and therefore tend to act like their mentors who hardly portray the correct skills. Police officers training was more on taking reports rather than gathering information. In the case of Cardiff 3, who were alleged with the murder of Lynette White in 1988 spent four years in prison before it was admitted that they were victims of miscarriage of justice. Although the police officers used tape recording and a solicitor was present during the interview it was observed that the approach taken by the officer was one of hostility and intimidation to the suspect. The development of DNA science and pressure placed by Satish Sekar helped to identify the actual murderer and proved their innocence. In the case of Thomas Henron who was on trial for the murder of a young girl, this was not a miscarriage of justice but rather a failure in investigative approach. The investigation was based on pressurizing the suspect, offering of unreasonable incentive and falsification of the witness evidence. These provided a background of distrust of police and shaken confidence in beliefs about the matchless superiority of English justice (Dixon, 2010). These cases emphasized th e need for improvements in the interrogation of suspects and the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) published the first national training for interviewing known as the PEACE approach to investigative interviewing which was introduced in 1992 which was aimed at ensuring that investigators developed adequate skills in order to conduct interview with integrity and ensure interviews conducted are in line with the law. Following a series of miscarriages of justice in the UK where police interviewing methods were severely criticized an ethics-based approach to interviewing was devised that aimed to minimize the risks of unreliable evidence and negative reactions from witnesses (Robert, 2010). An investigative interview is a structured conversation with a party to a crime with the aim of recording that persons account of events (Green, 2009). Investigative interviewing was developed by a group of psychologists and police practitioners (Dixon, 2010). The role of investigative interview is to approach interviews with an open mind and fairness (even if questioning has to be persistent) in order to obtain accurate and reliable information from suspects, witnesses and victims with the aim of discovering the truth and testing the information received against what the officer already knows or has reasonably established and also bearing in mind that vulnerable people, whether victims, witnesses or suspects m ust be treated with particular consideration at all times (National Crime Faculty, 1996, p.18) . PEACE is an acronym for P-Planning and Preparation, E-Engage and Explain, A-Account, C-Closure, and E-Evaluation. PEACE was a five day training organized to improve investigative interviewing. Planning and preparation aids in understanding the essence of the interview and the impact on the investigation. The officer should highlight areas to focus based on points to prove and possible defences. These points should be compared with evidence received. All evidence received in favor of the interviewee should also be highlighted as the investigator has a duty to be open-minded. Adequate knowledge of PACE also helps the officer to be ready prior to the interview. Planning and preparation is essential has it helps the officer prepare and plan for an interview before the commencement hence achieving the aim and objective of the interview. The investigator explains the purpose and expectations of the interview to the suspect thus creating the right atmosphere. During this stage it is essential to create a rapport with the suspect as this makes the suspect comfortable with the investigator. In order to achieve rapport the investigator has to pay adequate attention to the process of social skills cultivates an active listening strategy habit. There are three classes of witnesses, the compliant witness, reluctant witness and the hostile witness. Compliant witnesses are individuals who wish to cooperate fully with the police and are keen to pass information to them. Reluctant witnesses may not wish to interact with the police and may not be forthcoming with information. Hostile witnesses are individuals who may be overtly hostile to the police, may refuse to give information, and may even attempt to disrupt interviews (Robert, 2010). In order to get substantive and quality account an investigator could either use the cognitive interview or the free recall interview but in a situation where the suspect is being difficult the investigator could use conversation management. Free call allows the interviewee to fully articulate their account followed by probing to obtain uncontaminated detail. Conversation management on the other hand is usually with suspects or uncooperative interviewees who require free recall followed by prob ing and challenges where appropriate. Cognitive interview is a full cognitive reinstatement with a compliant interviewee who is willing to cooperate fully (Green, 2009). When closing the interview the investigator ensures that accurate account has been received thereby creating a positive impression to the public and preventing negative emotional reactions such as anger and anxiety. The investigator also has to maintain rapport in order to minimize the witness anxiety and distress and maximizes the disclosure of useful information. Evaluating the quality of the information received performance of the interviewer in terms of self evaluation and identifying other information that would be needed for the interview. Training was organized for all police officers in order to educate them on the PEACE model. The facilitators of the training were majorly inexperienced trainers rather than qualified investigators. The police officers did not embrace the PEACE model at first and this affected the purposed role of the model. Clarke and Milne (2001) conducted a national evaluation of PEACE by examining interviewers investigative skills when conducting interviews with suspects and witnesses. They found a great gap in the interviewing skills of both the trained and untrained officers of the PEACE model. However, improvements were noted in the area of legal requirements, ethical approach and questioning skills rather than the communication aspects of the interview or the structural development of the interviewees account. Instead of the police to focus on the verbal and non- verbal actions of the interviewee and using that as a base for the next question their focus was on statement taking and this therefore caused poor recording of account and interviewing. They also observed poor interviewing skills as officers were using less of cognitive interviewing and less conversation management. This caused officers to be frustrated and allowing them return to the old ways of interviewing. The original PEACE model w as rigid as it assumed that all interviewees would be co-operative with the interviewer and this was not the case in most interviews. Although the PEACE model was generally accepted as it offered an excellent framework for investigative interviews and its principles were sound it was still obvious that a reform was needed (Green, 2009). In the years following the implementation of PEACE certain forces recognized that the one size fits all model was not sufficient to cater for all needs (Griffiths, Milne, 2005). Crimes which were regarded as serious such as murder required a more effective and ethical interview process. Clark and Milne (2001) made 19 recommendations and the focus was on interview guidance, supervision and training. They recommended an interview supervisor policy because they observed that the quality of the interviews where better when supervisors were present. Supervision would enable efficient use of the interview guidance and help assess the skills of the officers thereby indicating areas where improvements are required. These recommendations were taken up by the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and further developed into the ACPO Investigative Interviewing Strategy: A national initiative. They also observed that the officers were bombarded with so much to learn when they had not grasped the earlier stage. A five tiered structure approach was introduced to improve the quality of investigative interviewing for various levels of officers. Tier 1 was meant for Foundation for probationers and it focused on basic investigation highlighting the importance of free recall and conversation management in obtaining account when carrying out an interview. Tier 2 focused on uniform investigators and detectives and enhanced cognitive interview was taught in this stage. Tier 3 was meant for specialists. This tier looks into enhanced cognitive interviews in advanced interviewing of suspects and specialist interviews that is, interviewing of vulnerable witnesses. Tier 4 was meant for interview supervisors who do not necessarily have to have the skills of the specialist but must at least be trained up to Tier 2 as these supervisors duty is to identify areas in which trainings are required, ensure ethical approach is used when conducting an interview and standards are maintained (Green, 2009). Tier 5 focuses on interview advisors, managers, coordinator for specialist interviews whose role is to advise senior investigative officers on essential interviewing strategies for serious and complex crime. Thinking of an investigation in this holistic way has brought great benefit to the overall strategy of a major inquiry some of which are highly complex long term investigations requiring intimate knowledge of detail and consistency (Green, 2009). Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and the National Policing Improvement Agency (NPIA) sponsored a program which is aimed at enhancing improvement in the area of professional capability and experience of investigators. This resulted in enhancement in the role of supervisors and interview advisors to ensuring officers conduct investigative interviewing at a professional level. It is clear, therefore that poor investigative interviewing would lead to several cases of miscarriages of justice. The fact that most officers views on interviews where based on aggression and uncertainty rather than acceptance and enthusiasm caused a lot of problems in the legal system. Focusing on getting a confession in order to speedily apprehend an offender rather than obtaining accurate and reliable account from the suspects, victims or witnesses in order to achieve good quality information during an investigative process could be damaging in the sense that suspects, victims and witnesses especially vulnerable suspects would be prone to be apprehended for offenses which they did not commit. In order to minimize miscarriages of justice good questioning skills must be developed by investigators to attain an accurate and reliable account. Improvement in technology and Forensic evidence has helped in reducing cases of miscarriages of justice. For example the use of DNA which could help in determining the actual suspect, CCTV which shows a recording of what happened at a particular venue at a certain time and also the use of lie detectors which could be used to determine if the suspect is lying. Investigators should also tend to be sensitive when interviewing a vulnerable suspect, victims and witnesses as this would go a long way in preventing future miscarriages of justice. Above all, investigative interview as improved over the years through the introduction of different Acts such as The Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure (1978-1981) which brought about wide ranging protections for suspects. Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) focused on the use of tape recorders when interviewing a suspect with the aim of reducing the violence and verballing of suspects. The PEACE approach brought about preparing and planning an interview before commencement, engage and explain to the witness or suspect or victims the aim of the interview, expectations and the proc edure in which the interview would be carried out, the process of account retrieval, maintaining rapport and preventing negative reactions from suspect while bringing the interview to a close and evaluating the product of the interview. Trainings were also organized for investigator in order to enhance questioning skill by using enhanced cognitive interviews, conversation management techniques. Interviewing supervisory policy was also introduced to aid increase in the quality of the information received during the interviews and identifies areas where improvements are required. This study has shown that investigative interviewing is of paramount importance in the legal system and in order to achieve these investigators must constantly improve in their interviewing skills. Improvements in investigative interviewing to be effective and ethical has helped to reduce the cases of miscarriages of justice

Blake Coleridge Swift :: essays papers

The Symbolism of Christ William Blake, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Jonathan Swift were very different writes but are bound by basic Christian beliefs. In their writings there are strong references to Christ and symbolic images of Him. Blake writes "The Lamb" as a symbolic representative of Christ. Coleridge uses many form of religious symbolism in his poem "The Rhime of the Ancient Mariner", but the thing that stands out the most is how the albatross represents Christ. Swift writes in "Gulliver's Travels", of a man named Pedro de Mendez who is a savior to Gulliver. These three authors show us how Christian views and Jesus are a part of life not just in the Bible but also in current society. Blake uses our questions about faith to emphasize the importance of Christ in our lives. Blake emphasizes the connection of which the child is naturally aware, when he writes, "I, a child, and thou a lamb, We are called by his name"(p.1289). The tone, however, is the genuine simplicity of a child's speech. The first verse is a series of questions addressed to the lamb, which represents Jesus. The second stanza begins with the child being able to answer those questions. Blake writes, "Little Lamb, I'll tell thee"(p.1289). Meaning that the child understands Christ being the savior. These questions are asked purely for the satisfaction that it gives the child in answering and to show the child's understanding of God. Blake shows Christ in a way that is innocent like the child. Blake writes this poem using the example of the lamb found in nature to represent Christ and uses the child to represent man trying to understand God. Blake uses the lamb to represent Christ in nature in the same way that Coleridge uses the albatross to represent Christ in nature. Coleridge uses religious and natural symbolism, which correspond with one another and play the most important roles in this poem. Although there are many different interpretations of this poem, one idea that has remained common throughout the poem is that of the religious symbolism present. Especially that of Christ and his ability to save, which was present throughout this poem. The symbolism is that of the albatross. The albatross saves the Mariner for bad weather and keeps the sailors in